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Hectare to Bigha Converter: State-wise Conversion Guide for India

Anyone who has held a khasra, khatauni or jamabandi copy knows the confusion: the area is written in hectare in one column and in bigha, biswa or katha in another. Our hectare to bigha converter above removes that confusion. Select your state, enter the area, and you get the answer instantly. This guide explains the logic behind the numbers, so you can also verify any figure yourself before you buy, sell or register land.

Below you will find state-wise conversion tables, a quick reference chart, worked examples, the formulas used, a guide to reading land records, and answers to the questions people search for most. Every value on this page is calculated from the exact area of the bigha used in each state, so the tables stay consistent with the calculator.

Quick Answer: How Many Bigha in One Hectare?

There is no single national answer, because the size of a bigha changes from state to state. Here is the short version.

Quick Answers (1 Hectare)

Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Jharkhand: about 3.95 bigha

Gujarat: about 6.18 bigha

West Bengal and Assam: about 7.47 bigha

Madhya Pradesh: about 8.97 bigha

Punjab and Haryana: about 9.88 bigha

Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand: about 12.35 bigha

If you only need a rough idea, remember this: the smaller the local bigha, the more bigha you get in one hectare. A hilly state like Himachal has a small bigha, so one hectare holds over twelve of them. Bihar and Rajasthan have a large bigha, so one hectare holds less than four.

What Is a Hectare?

The hectare is the metric unit used by the government for land records, surveys, land acquisition and agricultural statistics. One hectare is the area of a square with each side measuring 100 meters, which makes it 10,000 square meters. In other units, one hectare is about 107,639 square feet, about 11,960 square yards, or about 2.471 acres.

In revenue records, the hectare is often written together with two smaller metric units. One hectare equals 100 are, and one are equals 100 square meters (also called centiare). So an area written as "0 hectare 25 are 30 sq m" means 0.2530 hectare, which is 2,530 square meters. Knowing this format helps you read a modern jamabandi without confusion.

Unlike bigha, the hectare is identical in every state, every district and every document. That makes it the best unit for comparing land across regions.

What Is a Bigha?

Bigha is a traditional land unit used across North, East and Central India, and also in Nepal and Bangladesh. The word comes from older Indian measuring systems, where land was measured with ropes and rods, and the unit varied with the length of the rod used. When provinces and princely states later created their own revenue systems, each kept the bigha size that suited its local taxation. That is why the same word means very different areas today.

A bigha is normally divided into smaller parts. In most of North India, one bigha equals 20 biswa, and one biswa equals 20 biswansi. In Bihar and Jharkhand, one bigha equals 20 katha and one katha equals 20 dhur. In Assam, one bigha equals 5 katha and one katha equals 20 lessa. Because the smaller units depend on the bigha, they also change from state to state.

Why Does the Size of a Bigha Change?

Three historical reasons explain the variation.

Different measuring rods. Before metric measurement, each region used its own gattha, jarib or rope length, so the base unit was never the same.
Tax-based definitions. Rulers fixed the bigha so that a certain area produced a certain revenue. Fertile plains used a bigger bigha than dry or hilly areas.
Pucca and kachha systems. Many regions used two versions. A pucca bigha followed the fixed revenue standard, while a kachha bigha was smaller and followed village custom. Both are still quoted in local deals today.

Because of this, a seller in Rajasthan and a buyer in Gujarat can both say "five bigha" and mean land areas that differ by almost 60 percent. Always convert to hectare, square meter or square feet before comparing prices.

State-wise Hectare to Bigha Conversion Table

The table below shows the area of one bigha in each state and the resulting conversion with the hectare. These are the commonly used revenue values, and the same values power the calculator at the top of this page.

One Bigha Area and Hectare Conversion by State
State	1 Bigha in Sq Ft	1 Bigha in Sq Meter	1 Hectare Equals	1 Bigha Equals
Uttar Pradesh	about 27,225	about 2,529	3.954 bigha	0.2529 hectare
Rajasthan (pucca)	about 27,225	about 2,529	3.954 bigha	0.2529 hectare
Bihar and Jharkhand	about 27,220	about 2,529	3.954 bigha	0.2529 hectare
Gujarat	17,424	about 1,619	6.178 bigha	0.1619 hectare
West Bengal and Assam	14,400	about 1,338	7.475 bigha	0.1338 hectare
Madhya Pradesh	12,000	about 1,115	8.970 bigha	0.1115 hectare
Punjab and Haryana	10,890	about 1,012	9.884 bigha	0.1012 hectare
Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand	8,712	about 809	12.355 bigha	0.0809 hectare

Values are standard revenue figures rounded for readability. Some districts and villages follow a slightly different local bigha, so always confirm the figure written in your own land record or with the local tehsil or patwari office before signing any legal paper.

How these figures are calculated: The conversion is based on 1 hectare = 10,000 square meters. For each region, the hectare-to-bigha result is obtained by dividing 10,000 by the stated local bigha area in square meters. This makes the calculation transparent and helps you compare the table with a land record or another trusted local measurement source.

Hectare to Bigha Quick Reference Chart

This chart saves you from doing the multiplication for the most common land sizes.

Common Hectare Values Converted to Bigha
Hectare	UP, Rajasthan, Bihar	Gujarat	West Bengal, Assam	Madhya Pradesh	Punjab, Haryana	Himachal, Uttarakhand
0.5	1.977	3.089	3.737	4.485	4.942	6.178
1	3.954	6.178	7.475	8.970	9.884	12.355
2	7.908	12.356	14.950	17.940	19.768	24.710
5	19.770	30.890	37.375	44.850	49.420	61.775
10	39.540	61.780	74.750	89.700	98.840	123.550

Hectare to Bigha in Uttar Pradesh

In Uttar Pradesh, one hectare equals about 3.95 bigha, and one bigha equals about 0.2529 hectare. The standard pucca bigha measures 3,025 square yards, which is roughly 27,225 square feet. In some districts, local practice treats a bigha as exactly 27,000 square feet (3,000 square yards), which gives about 3.99 bigha per hectare, so you may see a small difference between records of different districts.

UP land records divide the bigha into 20 biswa, and each biswa into 20 biswansi. A plot of 0.1 hectare therefore equals about 0.395 bigha, which is roughly 7.9 biswa. Small farm plots are usually quoted in biswa for exactly this reason.

Hectare to Bigha in Rajasthan

Rajasthan's pucca bigha is the same size as the standard UP bigha, about 27,225 square feet or 0.625 acre. So one hectare equals roughly 3.95 bigha in Rajasthan. The confusion comes from the kachha bigha, which is smaller and is still used in many villages, especially in informal deals. If a seller quotes a price per bigha, ask whether it is pucca or kachha. A kachha bigha can be much smaller, so the same price per bigha means a much higher rate per square foot.

Rajasthan also records area in biswa (20 biswa per bigha), and large agricultural holdings are normally quoted in hectare in the jamabandi.

Hectare to Bigha in Bihar and Jharkhand

Bihar and Jharkhand use a bigha of about 27,220 square feet, so one hectare is again close to 3.95 bigha. The unique feature here is the sub-division. One bigha is split into 20 katha, and one katha into 20 dhur. That means one hectare is about 79 katha and about 1,581 dhur. Most residential plots in Patna, Ranchi and nearby towns are sold in katha or dhur, while farmland is sold in bigha or decimal (dismil).

Hectare to Bigha in Gujarat

The Gujarat bigha is much smaller than the UP bigha. It measures 1,936 square yards, which is 17,424 square feet or about 1,619 square meters. As a result, one hectare equals about 6.18 bigha in Gujarat. Gujarat revenue records also use the guntha (about 101.17 square meters), where 16 guntha make one bigha.

If you compare farmland rates between Gujarat and UP, remember that one UP bigha is about 56 percent larger than one Gujarat bigha, so a "cheaper" price per bigha in UP may not actually be cheaper per square meter.

Hectare to Bigha in West Bengal and Assam

West Bengal and Assam both use a bigha of 14,400 square feet (1,600 square yards), about 1,338 square meters. One hectare equals about 7.47 bigha. In West Bengal, one bigha is commonly divided into 20 katha-equivalent parts in older records, while in Assam the standard division is 5 katha per bigha and 20 lessa per katha. Dismil and decimal are also popular for small plots in these states.

Hectare to Bigha in Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh commonly treats one bigha as 12,000 square feet, about 1,115 square meters, which gives about 8.97 bigha per hectare. The state also records area directly in hectare and acre in most government papers, and bigha usually appears in private deals and older documents. As the bigha size can differ between regions of the state, check the unit written in your own khasra before relying on the table.

Hectare to Bigha in Punjab and Haryana

Punjab and Haryana mostly use the kanal and marla system, with the acre and the killa (one acre) for farmland. Where bigha appears, the commonly used value is 1,210 square yards (10,890 square feet), so one hectare equals about 9.88 bigha. Many people also search for hectare to kanal. One kanal equals 20 marla, which is 5,445 square feet or about 505.86 square meters, so one hectare equals about 19.77 kanal or about 395.4 marla.

Hectare to Bigha in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand

In the hill states, land parcels are small and terraced, so the bigha is small too. It is taken as 8,712 square feet (968 square yards), about 809 square meters. One hectare equals about 12.35 bigha, and one acre equals exactly 5 bigha. One bigha is divided into 20 biswa. Uttarakhand also uses the nali and dhur in the hills, so confirm which unit your document uses.

What About South India and Maharashtra?

Bigha is not a standard revenue unit in most of South India, Maharashtra, Odisha and the Northeast beyond Assam. Those regions use different units, and these are the equivalents you will need:

Guntha (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana): one hectare is about 98.84 guntha, and 40 guntha make one acre.
Cent (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh): one hectare is about 247.1 cent, and 100 cent make one acre.
Acre is used everywhere for larger holdings, and one hectare is about 2.471 acre.

If a seller outside the bigha belt quotes "bigha", always ask for the exact area in square feet or square meters.

Hectare to Other Common Land Units

The table below converts one hectare into the units people use in daily land dealings across India.

One Hectare Converted to Other Units
Unit	Equivalent of One Hectare
Square Meter	10,000 sq m
Square Feet	about 107,639 sq ft
Square Yard (Gaj)	about 11,959.9 sq yd
Acre	about 2.471 acre
Are	100 are
Cent or Dismil or Decimal	about 247.1 (all three are the same area)
Guntha	about 98.84 guntha
Kanal	about 19.77 kanal
Marla	about 395.4 marla
Biswa (UP and Rajasthan standard)	about 79.08 biswa
Square Kilometer	0.01 sq km

Of all these, the figures for square meter, square feet, acre and are never change anywhere in India. Only bigha, biswa, katha and similar traditional units move with the state.

Acre to Bigha Quick Comparison

Many buyers think in acres, so here is a short comparison. One acre is 4,046.86 square meters (43,560 square feet). Divide it by the state's bigha area to get the number of bigha in an acre.

One Acre in Bigha, State-wise
State	One Acre Equals
UP, Rajasthan, Bihar	about 1.6 bigha
Gujarat	2.5 bigha
West Bengal and Assam	about 3.03 bigha
Madhya Pradesh	about 3.63 bigha
Punjab and Haryana	4 bigha
Himachal and Uttarakhand	5 bigha

Notice that "2.5 bigha" is the figure for one acre in Gujarat, not for one hectare. Mixing up acre and hectare figures is one of the most common mistakes in online land calculators.

Formulas Used for Conversion

Core Formulas

Bigha = Hectare × (10,000 ÷ area of one bigha in sq m)

Hectare = Bigha × (area of one bigha in sq m ÷ 10,000)

Biswa = Bigha × 20 (in most North Indian states)

The first formula looks complex, but it only says one thing: divide 10,000 square meters by the size of the local bigha. For Gujarat, that is 10,000 ÷ 1,618.74 = 6.178. For West Bengal, it is 10,000 ÷ 1,337.80 = 7.475.

Worked Examples

Example 1: Hectare to bigha in Uttar Pradesh

Convert 2.5 hectare. Multiply 2.5 × 3.954 = 9.885 bigha.

The decimal part 0.885 bigha × 20 = 17.7 biswa, so the area is about 9 bigha 17.7 biswa.

Example 2: Bigha to hectare in Rajasthan

Convert 8 pucca bigha. Multiply 8 × 0.2529 = 2.023 hectare, which is about 20,234 square meters.

Example 3: Hectare to bigha in Gujarat

Convert 3 hectare. Multiply 3 × 6.178 = 18.534 bigha.

Example 4: Comparing the same "5 bigha" in two states

5 bigha in Gujarat = 5 × 1,618.74 = 8,093.7 sq m = 0.809 hectare.

5 bigha in Uttar Pradesh = 5 × 2,529.3 = 12,646.5 sq m = 1.265 hectare.

The UP plot is about 56 percent larger, even though both are called "five bigha".

Example 5: Bigha to hectare in West Bengal

Convert 12 bigha. Multiply 12 × 0.1338 = 1.605 hectare, or about 16,054 square meters.

Example 6: Small plot in biswa

A farmer in UP owns 0.2 hectare. Multiply 0.2 × 3.954 = 0.791 bigha. Then 0.791 × 20 = 15.8 biswa.

How to Convert Hectare to Bigha Manually

You can do the conversion without any tool by following these steps.

Write down the area in hectare exactly as given in the document.
Find the correct bigha per hectare factor for your state from the table above.
Multiply the hectare value by that factor to get bigha.
To split the decimal part, multiply it by 20 to get biswa (or katha in Bihar and Jharkhand).
To go back from bigha to hectare, divide by the factor or multiply by the hectare-per-bigha value.

This is exactly what the calculator at the top of the page does, just faster and without any rounding slip.

Understanding Bigha, Biswa and Biswansi

Traditional Sub-divisions of the Bigha
Region	Sub-division Pattern
UP, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, HP	1 bigha = 20 biswa, 1 biswa = 20 biswansi
Bihar and Jharkhand	1 bigha = 20 katha, 1 katha = 20 dhur
Assam	1 bigha = 5 katha, 1 katha = 20 lessa
Gujarat	1 bigha = 16 guntha (also 20 vasa in older records)

Note that a biswa in one state is not the same area as a biswa in another, because it is always one-twentieth of that state's own bigha. A biswa in UP is about 126 square meters, while in Himachal it is only about 40 square meters.

How to Read Area in Land Records

Most state governments now publish digital land records, and the area is usually shown in one of two ways.

Metric format: hectare, are and square meter, for example 0.2530 ha. This is the legal figure in most modern records.
Traditional format: bigha, biswa and biswansi (or katha and dhur), carried over from older settlement records.

When both appear, the metric figure is normally the more reliable one for legal work. If you see a mismatch between the two, convert the traditional figure with the correct state factor. A small gap is usually just rounding, but a large gap should be checked with the tehsil office. Typical documents where you will meet these units are the khasra, khatauni, jamabandi, khewat, jamabandi nakal and the sale deed itself.

Practical Tips Before Buying or Selling Land

Ask for the area in square meters or square feet. This removes any argument about the local bigha.
Confirm pucca or kachha. Especially in Rajasthan and parts of Punjab, the difference changes the actual area a lot.
Compare price per square foot, not per bigha. This is the only fair way to compare land across districts or states.
Match the sale deed with the revenue record. The area in the khasra or jamabandi should agree with the deed within rounding.
Get a survey if the plot is large. A licensed surveyor can confirm the physical boundary against the paper area.
Keep rounding consistent. Round only at the final step, not in between, to avoid small errors adding up on large holdings.

Common Mistakes People Make

Using the acre factor in place of the hectare factor. One acre and one hectare differ by a factor of about 2.47.
Assuming that the bigha in a neighbouring state is the same size.
Ignoring the pucca and kachha distinction.
Treating biswa and katha as fixed areas, when each depends on the local bigha.
Rounding too early, for example using 4 instead of 3.954, which makes a 10 hectare estimate wrong by almost half a bigha.

Why Use Our Hectare to Bigha Converter?

Our converter is built for Indian land units rather than generic international units. It supports many states, includes related units such as biswa, katha, guntha, cent and decimal, handles swapping of units with one tap, shows the exact rate used, and formats numbers the Indian way. It works smoothly on mobile, tablet and desktop, needs no signup, and is free to use. Use it for a quick check, and use the tables and examples on this page to understand the reasoning behind the answer.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much is 1 hectare in bigha?

It depends on the state. One hectare equals about 3.95 bigha in Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Jharkhand, about 6.18 in Gujarat, about 7.47 in West Bengal and Assam, about 8.97 in Madhya Pradesh, about 9.88 in Punjab and Haryana, and about 12.35 in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

How many bigha are there in 1 hectare in UP?

About 3.95 bigha. One bigha in UP is about 0.2529 hectare, or roughly 27,225 square feet.

How many bigha are there in 1 hectare in Rajasthan?

For the pucca bigha it is about 3.95 bigha. A kachha bigha is smaller, so the number of kachha bigha in a hectare is higher. Always check which type your document uses.

How many square feet is 1 bigha?

It varies. About 27,225 sq ft in UP and Rajasthan, 17,424 sq ft in Gujarat, 14,400 sq ft in West Bengal and Assam, 12,000 sq ft in Madhya Pradesh, 10,890 sq ft in Punjab and Haryana, and 8,712 sq ft in Himachal and Uttarakhand.

How many square feet are in 1 hectare?

One hectare equals 10,000 square meters, which is about 107,639 square feet. This value is the same in every state.

How to calculate 1 hectare of land?

A hectare is a square of 100 meters by 100 meters, or any shape that covers 10,000 square meters. For example, a rectangle of 200 meters by 50 meters is also exactly one hectare.

Is 1 acre equal to 1 bigha?

No. One acre is fixed at 43,560 square feet, while a bigha changes by state. They are equal in no state. One acre is about 1.6 bigha in UP and Rajasthan, 2.5 bigha in Gujarat and 5 bigha in Himachal.

Is 1 hectare equal to 15 bigha?

Not in any major state using the standard revenue bigha. The highest common figure is about 12.35 bigha in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. A figure like 15 appears only where a very small local or kachha bigha is used, so verify it in your document.

How many biswa are there in 1 hectare?

In UP and Rajasthan, where one bigha is 20 biswa, one hectare is about 79.08 biswa. In Himachal, it is about 247 biswa because the bigha is smaller.

What is the difference between cent, dismil and decimal?

They are three names for the same area, about 40.47 square meters (435.6 square feet). One hectare equals about 247.1 of them.

How many guntha are there in 1 hectare?

One hectare equals about 98.84 guntha, since one guntha is about 101.17 square meters and 40 guntha make one acre.

Can I use this converter for legal documents?

Use it as a reliable guide and cross-check, but the figure written in your official land record and sale deed is final. Confirm it with the local revenue office before registration.

Disclaimer: This page is for general information. Bigha values can differ by district, village and record type. This page is not legal or surveying advice, so verify the area with your local revenue department or a licensed surveyor before any purchase, sale or registration.